10/26/2022 0 Comments Symphytum officinale banned![]() ![]() Several cases of acute liver injury resembling sinusoidal obstruction syndrome ( SOS) due to oral comfrey have been published. Human studies have shown that comfrey creams have mild analgesic effects and decreases muscle and joint pain. Oral comfrey has been banned or restricted in most countries, but topical forms (ointments, creams and liniments) are available and advertised as useful for wound healing sprains and bone fractures. Comfrey products are marketed as herbal teas, root powders and as capsules. Comfrey has been shown to cause similar liver injury in laboratory animals and has also been linked to liver cancer. However, comfrey also contains several pyrrolizidine alkaloids (symphytine, echimidine, symglandine and lycopsamine) which are toxic and capable of causing sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (previously called veno-occlusive disease) and severe liver injury. Leaf and root extracts have many constituents including allantoin, rosmarinic acid, triterpene saponins, silicic acid, and tannins, believed to be the basis for its antiinflammatory and wound healing activity. ![]() Common comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Borganinaceae which is native to Europe and Asia, but is now found worldwide. ![]()
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